English language teaching

A review of 101 higher-education English-language studies maps five roles for AI and recurring evidence gaps

Yanping Wang, Zuwati Hasim, Ling Wu, Yujia Fang

Cogent Education

A systematic review retained 101 empirical studies of AI in higher-education ESL and EFL from 1,536 records. It identified five broad roles for AI and generally positive reports, while finding regional and skill imbalances, uneven methods, overreliance risks and limited evidence about culture, equity and durable outcomes.