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#learning evidence

learning evidence

3 papers

A university student and writing tutor discuss two source-focused question cards, a highlighted laptop passage and annotated essay notes in a library carrel.
Journal Paper2025
Journal Paper 138

Direct questions to a source-grounded AI helped essay revision, while lasting learning remained untested

Yixin Cheng, Yizhou Fan, Xinyu Li, Guanliang Chen, Dragan Gašević, Zachari Swiecki

Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence

A study of 59 university students compared essay revision supported by GPT-4 with revision supported by an online human tutor. AI users asked more direct, knowledge-oriented questions and achieved better revised-essay scores. Network analysis linked questioning patterns to that difference, whereas simpler frequency-based models did not show the same mediation. The study measured performance while assistance was available, leaving independent learning and lasting transfer unresolved.

help seekingepistemic network analysisacademic writing
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Illustrative scene of a learner and tutor comparing a handwritten triangle solution with a laptop showing a triangle and branching hint paths at an evening study desk.
Tool / Dataset2026
Tool / Dataset 235

Preprint: Adaptive tutor prompts changed interaction patterns without establishing better learning

Po-Chin Chang, Nicholas Hogan, Aske Plaat, Michiel T. van der Meer

arXiv preprint, version 1

A high-school tutoring preprint examines adaptive prompt selection. Its interaction results invite closer study, but limited exercise data and nonsignificant outcome comparisons leave the learning advantage unresolved.

preprintadaptive tutoringprompt selection
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